CHAPTER 2 CITATIONS

Introduction to The Loss of Goods and Livelihood

• Quote ("The loss of liberty..."): Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, Personal Justice Denied: Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (Washington DC: 1983), 133.

The Loss of Goods and Livelihood

• Photograph: Francis Stewart, "Stores and homes formerly inhabited by Japanese," (Penryn, CA., Nov. 10, 1942). War Relocation Authority Photographs of Japanese-American Evacuation and Resettlement, 1942-1945, BANC PIC 1967.014--PIC. Courtesy of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
• Newspaper article: "Whites Try to Buy Them Out at Low Price, Say Japanese," The Seattle Daily Times, March 6, 1942: 1, 12. Courtesy of Densho.
• Photograph: Russell Lee, "The evacuation of Japanese-Americans from West Coast areas under U.S. Army war emergency order Japanese try to sell their belongings," (Los Angeles, April, 1942). FSA/OWI COLL - J 7647, Farm Security Administration and Office of War Information Collection, Library of Congress.
• Photograph: Dorothea Lange, "Woodland, California. Tenant farmer of Japanese ancestry who has just completed settlement of their affairs and everything is packed ready for evacuation on the following morning to an assembly center," (May 20, 1942). ARC 537759, Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Photograph: Dorothea Lange, "Sacramento, California. Evidence of evacuation is seen in the Japanese quarter two days prior to evacuation of residents of Japanese ancestry from this city," (May 11, 1942). ARC 537876, Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Photograph: Dorothea Lange, "San Francisco, California. This family is preparing to move from their Bush Street home to an Assembly center for evacuees of Japanese ancestry," (April 27, 1942). ARC 537687, Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Photograph: Staff Photographer, Seattle Post Intelligencer, "Shortly after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, calling for the evacuation of all Japanese and Japanese Americans from ‘designated military areas.' Although the United States was at war with Germany and Italy, few Italian and German Americans were placed in internment camps," -or- Handwritten on negative: "Jap evacuation," (Seattle, c. May, 1942). Image: PI28064, Seattle Post-Intelligencer Collection, Museum of History & Industry, Seattle; All Rights Reserved.
• Photograph: Clem Albers, "Los Angeles, California. Caretaker, Mary Ogawa, making preparations to close the Nagamine home prior to evacuation of residents of Japanese ancestry from this area. Evacuees of Japanese descent will spend the duration in War Relocation Authority centers," (April 11, 1942). ARC 536784, Record Group 210: Records of the War Relocation Authority, National Archives and Records Administration.
• Painting: Henry Sugimoto, Documentary, junkshop man took away our icebox away, oil on canvas (c. 1942). 92.97.89, Gift of Madeleine Sugimoto and Naomi Tagawa, Japanese American National Museum.
• Audio from video interview ("We had a complete..."): Frank Emi Interview by Frank Abe and Frank Chin, Segment 1, Feb. 23, 1993, Frank Abe Collection, Densho. Courtesy of Frank Abe.
• Audio from video interview ("All taken away..."): Katsumi Okamoto Interview by Richard Potasin, Segment 9, Nov. 7, 2007, Manzanar National Historic Site Collection. Courtesy of Densho.
• Audio from video interview ("All we did..."): Fred Y. Hoshiyama Interview by Tom Ikeda, Segment 19, Feb. 25, 2010. Courtesy of Densho.
• Audio from video interview ( "My dad..."): Hikoji Takeuchi Interview by John Allen, Segment 5, Nov. 7, 2002, Manzanar National Historic Site Collection, Courtesy of Densho.

Introduction to Seizure of Contraband

• Quote ("Repression was applied..."): Michi Nishiura Weglyn, Years of Infamy: The Untold Story of America's Concentration Camps (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1996), 76.

Seizure of Contraband

• Document: U.S. Military, Headquarters Western Defense Command and Fourth Army, "Public Proclamation No. 3," March 24, 1942. Courtesy of Japanese Americans Veterans Association.
• Photograph: "Aliens turning in cameras, radios," (1941), HE box 9180, Herald-Examiner Collection, Courtesy of Los Angeles Public Library.
• Text from video interview ("And then they had..."): Kenge Kobayashi Interview by Alice Ito, Segment 3, July 4, 1998, Courtesy of Densho.
• Photograph: "Raymond Nimura turns in his shortwave radio to Los Angeles police officer J.E. Crenshaw by the April 1, 1942 deadline," UCLA Library Los Angeles Daily News Negatives Collection.
• Photograph: "Joe Cligner, property clerk at the central jail, on December 30, 1941, with some of the cameras and radios turned in by aliens," (1941), HE box 9180, Herald-Examiner Collection, Courtesy of Los Angeles Public Library.
• Newspaper article: "Truckload of Japanese Radios Seized Here," Bainbridge Island Review, Dec. 31, 1941: 6. Courtesy of Kitsap Regional Library.
• Newspaper article clipping: "Ceremonial Swords... Ask Special Care of Collection," The Nichi Bei, Jan. 18, 1942. BANC MSS 67/14 c, folder W 2.51:02, Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement records. Courtesy of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
• Photograph: "Police officer poses with weapons submitted to the Los Angeles Police Department," (1942), Los Angeles Daily News Negatives. Courtesy of the Department of Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California at Los Angeles.
• Photograph: "An officer is shown at right examining Japanese books, maps, pictures, a radio and other articles in the home of Masaka Aoto," Herald-Examiner Collection, Courtesy of Los Angeles Public Library.
• Text from video interview ("My mother answered..."): Florence Ohmura Dobashi Interview by Tom Ikeda, Segment 12, Jan. 16, 2016, Densho Visual History Collection. Courtesy of Densho.

Introduction to Curfews and Resistance

• Quote ("Descent has taken priority..."): Gordon Hirabayashi, prison diary entry, July 4, 1942, p. 4, King County Jail. Accession No. 3159-008, Box 2/26, Gordon K. Hirabayashi papers. University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections.

Curfews and Resistance

• Audio from video interview ("Well, we had all these curfews..."): Carol Hirabara Hironaka Interview by Richard Potashin, Segment 13, Oct. 18, 2008, Manzanar National Historic Site Collection. Courtesy of Densho.
• Audio from video interview ("When the baby..."): Shigeko Sese Uno Interview by Beth Kawahara and Alice Ito, Segment 17, Sept. 18, 1998, Densho Visual History Collection. Courtesy of Densho.
• Audio from interview ("At that time..."): Minoru Yasui Interview, Segment 5, Oct. 23, 1983, Steven Okazaki Collection. Courtesy of Densho.
• Audio from interview ("It dawned on me..."): Gordon Hirabayashi Interview, Segment 5, Oct. 25, 1983, Steven Okazaki Collection. Courtesy of Densho.
• Newspaper: "Curfew for Japs Drastic Order in Effect," March 24, 1942, A1, San Francisco Chronicle, via San Francisco Public Library.
• Newspaper: "Enemy Nationals Citizen Japanese Are Hit by 8pm, 6am Curfew," March, 24, 1942, A1, Fresno Bee via Fresno County Public Library.
• Photograph: "Street scene on Terminal Island (Calif.) on December 8, 1941," uclamss_1387_b51_27022-7, Los Angeles Daily News Negatives Collection, University of California, Los Angeles, Library Special Collections.
• Newspaper article clipping: "Some Japanese Held for Curfew Charges," Japanese American Courier, April 10, 1942. Japanese American Courier Collection via Densho Digital Repository. Courtesy of The Japanese American Courier.
• Newspaper article clipping: "Japanese Jailed as Curfew Violators," The Seattle Daily Times, May 12, 1942: 19. Seattle Times Collection via Densho Digital Repository. Copyright 1942, The Seattle Times. Courtesy of The Seattle Times.
• Photograph: "Kugi Lugi, left, 60-year-old Japanese laborer who was arrested as a violator of the alien curfew order, is shown on March 28, 1942, with officer L. X. Raley, who shows him that hereafter he must be at home after 8 p.m." HE box 9180, Herald-Examiner Collection. Courtesy of Los Angeles Public Library.
• Newspaper article clipping: "Japanese Admits Curfew Violation," The Seattle Daily Times, April 11, 1942: 3. Seattle Times Collection via Densho Digital Repository. Copyright 1942, The Seattle Times. Courtesy of The Seattle Times.
• Newspaper article clipping: "Curfew Trial of Jap is Started," The Seattle Daily Times, Oct. 20, 1942: 16. Seattle Times Collection via Densho Digital Repository. Copyright 1942, The Seattle Times. Courtesy of The Seattle Times.
• Photograph: "Gordon Hirabayashi and Bill Schmoe, 1941," PH Coll 1314, Gordon Hirabayashi Photograph Collection. University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections.
• Document: "U.S. v. Gordon Hirabayashi, Cr. Case No. 45738; U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington, Northern Division; Records of the U.S. District Courts (Record Group 21)," May 1942, Densho Digital Repository. Courtesy of the Ikeda Family Collection and the National Archives and Records Administration.
• Newspaper article: "U.S.-Born Jap Convicted of Evading Order," San Bernardino Daily Sun, Sept. 9, 1942: 4. California Digital Newspaper Collections, Center for Bibliographic Studies and Research, University of California, Riverside.
• Newspaper article: "Supreme Court Upholds Curfew Regulations," The Minidoka Irrigator, June 26, 1943: 1. Densho Digital Repository. Courtesy of Cherry Kinoshita.